Chalé do Rio Salitre is in Campo Formoso, in the interior of Bahia, in Brazil's semi-arid northeastern region. The municipality is known for hosting Toca da Boa Vista, one of the largest limestone cave systems in South America, with dozens of kilometres of explored galleries.
The region is characterised by caatinga vegetation and the dry climate typical of the Bahian sertão, with an economy traditionally tied to cattle ranching and mining, including the historic saltpetre extraction that gives the local river its name.